Form of Past Perfect Simple
Positive
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Negative
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Question
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no differences
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I had spoken.
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I had not spoken.
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Had I spoken?
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For irregular verbs, use the past participle form . For regular verbs, just add ed.
Exceptions in Spelling when Adding ed
Exceptions in Spelling when Adding ed
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Example
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after final e, only add d
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love – loved
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final consonant after a short, stressed vowel
or l as final consonant after a vowel is doubled |
admit – admitted
travel – travelled |
final y after a consonant becomes i
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hurry – hurried
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Use of Past Perfect
- action taking place before a certain time in the past (putting emphasis only on the fact, not the duration)
Example: Before I came here, I had spoken to Jack.
- Conditional Sentences Type III (condition that was not given in the past)
Example: If I had seen him, I would have talked to him.
Signal Words
already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day (with reference to the past, not the present)
